Emergency trauma score: an instrument for early estimation of trauma severity.

Objectives: Early estimation of the mortality risk of severely injured patients is mandatory. To estimate the seriousness of the condition of patients with trauma, we developed the emergency trauma score (EMTRAS) for ease of use, with simple parameters that are available within 30 minutes.

Design: Prospective analysis of the German Trauma Registry of multitrauma patients.

Ethanol stimulates phospholipid turnover and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in Chlamydomonas eugametos gametes.

Alcohols induce mating-structure activation in Chlamydomonas eugametos gametes. From the effect of ethanol on the (32)P-labelling of polyphosphoinositides, we conclude that the synthesis of these lipids is stimulated. Biologically inactive concentrations of ethanol (<6%) had no effect on synthesis, but 6-8% ethanol stimulated synthesis for upto 60 min.

Increase in calcium triggers mating structure activation in Chlamydomonas eugametos.

For mating Chlamydomonas eugametos gametes to fuse with their partners, they must first lyse part of the anterior cell wall and protrude their mating structures. These responses can be artificially induced by compounds that raise the Cai level, viz. InsP3, A23187, TFP and ethanol.

Monoclonal antibodies to surface glycoconjugates in Chlamydomonas eugametos recognize strain-specific O-methyl sugars.

Monoclonal antibodies are described that are directed against cell surface components of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos. These antibodies recognize strain-specific epitopes which occur at the surface of vegetative and gametic cells. Two different groups of epitopes are distinguished that are never detectable together in one clonal cell culture.