Sarcopenia in the foot on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with diabetes mellitus - a systematic review.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is defined by low measures of muscle quantity, quality and reduced physical performance. It is associated with higher levels of frailty. Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergo sarcopenia at an accelerated rate resulting in structural changes potentially culminating in limb loss.

Discrimination of Microplastics and Phytoplankton Using Impedance Cytometry.

Both microplastics and phytoplankton are found together in the ocean as suspended microparticles. There is a need for deployable technologies that can identify, size, and count these particles at high throughput to monitor plankton community structure and microplastic pollution levels. In situ analysis is particularly desirable as it avoids the problems associated with sample storage, processing, and degradation.

Diet and immune response: how today's plate shapes tomorrow's health.

Nutrition is emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to modulate the immune system in health and disease. We propose that the timing of dietary interventions is probably what determines their success. In this context, we explore recent research that identifies the early phases of dietary intervention as critical time windows for modulating immunity and optimizing cancer therapy.

An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Graduated Compression Stockings in Addition to Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Surgical Inpatients.

Objective: To compare the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical inpatients with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and additional graduated compression stockings (GCSs) versus pharmacological thromboprophylaxis alone.

Background: Surgical inpatients have elevated VTE risk; recent studies cast doubt on whether GCS confers additional protection against VTE, compared with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis alone.

Methods: The review followed "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" guidelines using a registered protocol (CRD42017062655).

Short-term dietary changes can result in mucosal and systemic immune depression.

Omnivorous animals, including mice and humans, tend to prefer energy-dense nutrients rich in fat over plant-based diets, especially for short periods of time, but the health consequences of this short-term consumption of energy-dense nutrients are unclear. Here, we show that short-term reiterative switching to 'feast diets', mimicking our social eating behavior, breaches the potential buffering effect of the intestinal microbiota and reorganizes the immunological architecture of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The first dietary switch was sufficient to induce transient mucosal immune depression and suppress systemic immunity, leading to higher susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes infections.