Fighting Bleb Fibrosis After Glaucoma Surgery: Updated Focus on Key Players and Novel Targets for Therapy.

Filtration bleb (FB) fibrosis represents the primary risk factor for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) failure. We reviewed the most recent literature on post-GFS fibrosis in humans, focusing on novel molecular pathways and antifibrotic treatments. Three main literature searches were conducted.

Cataract and Risk of Fracture: a Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Topic: To evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) of bone fracture in phakic subjects with cataract compared to phakic subjects without cataract and pseudophakic individuals.

Clinical Relevance: Despite the growing recognition of the potential link between cataract and fracture, the available evidence remains inconclusive.

Methods: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Indole-2-Carboxamide as an Effective Scaffold for the Design of New TRPV1 Agonists.

Due to its central role in pain, inflammation, and related disorders, the Transient Receptor Potential (TPR) Vanilloid Type-1 (TRPV1) ion channel represents an attractive target for the development of novel antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents. Capsaicin, the natural component of chili peppers, is one of the most investigated agonists of this receptor. Several modifications of its structure have been attempted, aiming at finding TRPV1 agonists with improved characteristics, but, to date, no capsaicin-derived agents have reached the market.

Bioguided Identification of Polymethoxyflavones as Novel Vascular Ca1.2 Channel Blockers from Citrus Peel.

The huge amount of citrus peel produced worldwide represents an economic burden for society. However, this agricultural by-product is a rich source of natural molecules, potentially endowed with interesting pharmacological activities. In this regard, we decided to investigate if the polymethoxyflavones contained in citrus peel waste could be exploited as novel vasorelaxant agents.

Bagel sign and how to avoid it in DMEK surgery.

Purpose: To provide a detailed description of the recommended surgical technique for gas injection during Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery and highlight intraoperative sign that emerged in case of fluid retention in the interface.

Methods: Gas injection recommended surgical technique is 2 steps procedure using a 1 ml syringe: the first step consists in injecting centrally to the graft and very slowly a bubble of gas smaller than the DMEK graft size, the second step, after checking the absence of fluid interface (no bagel sign), consists in enlarging the gas bubble to the desired filling.

Results: Bagel sign allows surgeons to look for interface fluid and correct for potential issues leading to graft detachment.