An experimental study to examine whether and how Flemish and Dutch harm prevention messages on gambling advertising affect consumers' gambling-related beliefs and intentions.

Objective: Despite the widespread use of harm prevention messages on gambling advertising, it is unclear whether such messages achieve their goal of encouraging safer gambling behavior and preventing gambling harms. The current research therefore investigates whether and how existing harm prevention messages implemented on gambling advertisements in Belgium and the Netherlands affect consumers' gambling-related beliefs and intentions.

Method: Two experimental studies (N = 169; N = 212) investigate (a) the influence of message prominence and (b) the impact of message framing by comparing the effectiveness of the message "Gamble in moderation" with different types of Flemish and Dutch harm prevention messages (that are currently used in Belgium and the Netherlands) on people's gambling-related beliefs and intentions.

PHYTOPLASMAS IN POME FRUIT TREES: UPDATE OF THEIR PRESENCE AND THEIR VECTORS IN BELGIUM.

Among the numerous diseases that can attack pome fruit trees, apple proliferation and pear decline, both caused by a phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' (AP) and 'Ca. P. pyri' (PD), respectively), may result into important losses of quality and quantity of the crop.

MULCHES AND OTHER COVER MATERIALS TO REDUCE WEED GROWTH IN CONTAINER-GROWN NURSERY STOCK.

Due to the recent EU-wide implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), alternative methods to reduce weed growth in container-grown nursery stock are needed to cut back the use of herbicides. Covering the upper layer of the substrate is known as a potential method to prevent or reduce weed growth in plant containers. As a high variety of mulches and other cover materials are on the market, however, it is no longer clear for growers which cover material is most efficient for use in containers.

Structure analysis of turbulent mixing patterns in inert and reactive turbulent liquid flows.

The paper contains an extended summary of an invited plenary talk given at the Workshop on Active Chaos at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on 29-31 May 2001 by one of us (F.S.R.