Differences in Toxic Response Induced by Three Variants of the Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning Phycotoxins in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells.

Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is caused by the consumption of shellfish contaminated with a group of phycotoxins that includes okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2). These toxins are inhibitors of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), but show distinct levels of toxicity. Aside from a difference in protein phosphatases (PP) inhibition potency that would explain these differences in toxicity, others mechanisms of action are thought to be involved.

[Pharmacy intern of the hospitals of Paris in the 1950's].

For about two centuries, the hospitals of Paris have had an internship program. Every year, 20 to 50 interns were recruited following a difficult competitive examination. Their duties covered both the production and the distribution of medicines, and biological testing.

Characterization of mosaic supernumerary ring chromosomes by array-CGH: segmental aneusomy for proximal 4q in a child with tall stature and obesity.

We report on a 6-year-old girl with developmental delay, tall stature, and obesity. G-banded chromosome analysis revealed mosaicism for one to three small de novo rings in 82% of peripheral lymphocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) demonstrated that the rings were derived from 4q10-4q13.