Young people, multiculturalism, and educational interventions for the development of empathy.

As is maintained in the Seville Statement on Violence, the role of education in shaping human relations is fundamental. In order to develop effective educational interventions aiming to foster empathic relations, some important prerequisites need to be satisfied. One of these prerequisites, which is based on a constructivist model, is constituted by the identification and analysis of the pre-existing concepts and attitudes of those to whom interventions are directed, regarding the specific issues involved in the specific educational process.

[Hypertrophic gingivitis caused by verapamil].

We observed gingival hyperplasia, similar clinically to the hyperplasia caused by diphenylhydantoin during the last 11 months in two patients treated by verapamil, suffering from angina pectoris pains. In Case I discontinuation of the calcium antagonist resulted in marked regression of the gingival hyperplasia. Evidence points to a strong relationship between the gingival hyperplasia and the administration of verapamil.

[Methods for grading the strength of passive conditioned avoidance reaction].

Three methods for obtaining passive avoidance conditioned responses of different strength are described. The first method consists of delayed reinforcement, constituted by a foot-shock, in the conditioning trial. The second method corresponds to the "detention" procedure, through which the animal is kept in one part of the apparatus for some time, after the conditioning trial.

[Conditioning of active type avoidance in the rat : effect of the interval between conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus].

Lengthening the time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus increases the number of active avoidance conditioned responses in subjects that have been trained to a stable level of performance in many previous conditioning sessions. In the present research, rats chosen from a population specially selected for low rates of avoidance conditioning have been used. In addition to this characteristic, subjects were chosen for the exhibition of an apparent absence of retention from one day to another.