Cytotoxicity of three graphene-related materials in rainbow trout primary hepatocytes is not associated to cellular internalization.

As a consequence of increasing production and use of graphene-related materials (GRM), their release into the aquatic environment is likely to be expected. Development of appropriate model systems to assess their potential toxicity toward aquatic organisms is undoubtedly needed. Of particular relevance are primary cultures of fish hepatocytes, since they maintain similar functionalities as those of the original tissue.

Physio-metabolic response of rainbow trout during prolonged food deprivation before slaughter.

Fish normally undergo periods of food deprivation that are longer than non-hibernating mammals. In aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), it is unclear how fasting may affect their physiological adaptative response, especially when they are normally fed daily. In addition, that response may vary with temperature, making it necessary to express fasting duration in terms of degree days.

The amino-terminal domain of ORF149 of koi herpesvirus is preferentially targeted by IgM from carp populations surviving infection.

Recombinantly expressed fragments of the protein encoded by ORF149 (pORF149), a structural protein from the common- and koi-carp-infecting cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) that was previously shown to be antigenic, were used to obtain evidence that its amino-terminal part contains immunodominant epitopes in fish populations that survived the infection. To obtain such evidence, nonspecific binding of carp serum tetrameric IgM had to be overcome by a novel ELISA protocol (rec2-ELISA). Rec2-ELISA involved pre-adsorption of carp sera with a heterologous recombinant fragment before incubation with pORF149 fragments and detection with anti-carp IgM monoclonal antibodies.

Tissue distribution of zinc and subtle oxidative stress effects after dietary administration of ZnO nanoparticles to rainbow trout.

The increasing use of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in different fields has raised concerns about the possible environmental risks associated with these NPs entering aquatic systems. In this study, using a dietary exposure route, we have analysed the tissue distribution and depuration pattern of Zn as well as any associated redox balance disturbances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to ZnO NPs (20-30nm). Fish were fed a diet spiked with ZnO NPs prepared from a dispersion in sunflower oil at doses of 300 or 1000mg ZnO NPs/kg feed for 10days.