Impaired baroreflex sensitivity and long‐term risk of dementia in community‐based older adults.

Background: Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for dementia, but the role of blood pressure (BP) in the development of dementia is not fully understood. Emerging data links increased BP variability and abnormal BP dynamics to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental physiological mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is unknown.

Methods: We investigated the association of BRS with the risk of dementia in community‐based older adults from the Rotterdam Study in the Netherlands.

Bowel Inflammation and Nutrient Supplementation: Effects of a Fixed Combination of Probiotics, Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in an Model of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction.

The gut microbiota is a very important factor in the state of health of an individual, its alteration implies a situation of "dysbiosis," which can be connected to functional gastrointestinal disorders and pathological conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). In this work, we studied the effect of a food supplement called ENTERO-AD containing a mix of probiotics ( LA1, LR92, Bbr8), , and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B6) on intestinal inflammation. The model used for the study is the Caco-2 cell, a culture derived from human intestinal adenocarcinoma; the inflammatory condition was achieved with treatment with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the association between Tumor necrosis factor α/Interferon γ (TNF-α/IFN-γ) [1,2].

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue attrition associates with response to anti-α4β7 therapy in ulcerative colitis.

Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a first-line treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) that targets the α4β7- mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) axis. To determine the mechanisms of action of VDZ, we examined five distinct cohorts of patients with UC. A decrease in naïve B and T cells in the intestines and gut-homing (β7) plasmablasts in circulation of VDZ-treated patients suggested that VDZ targets gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Investigation on the Efficacy of Two Food Supplements Containing a Fixed Combination of Selected Probiotics and β-Glucans or Elderberry Extract for the Immune System: Modulation on Cytokines Expression in Human THP-1 and PBMC.

Several herbal and other natural products are used as ingredients in food supplements to strengthen immunity even if, very often, marketed products are proposed without a clear rationale or experimental evidence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect on human monocytes (THP-1) and on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of two formulations, one containing subsp Bl-04 with β-glucans (for adults) and one containing CRL1505 with elderberry extract (for children). We compared formulations with single ingredients, with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the drug pidotimod; cytokines expression level was evaluated testing different concentrations of samples at two exposure times.

Antigen receptor signaling and cell death resistance controls intestinal humoral response zonation.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) maintains commensal communities in the intestine while preventing dysbiosis. IgA generated against intestinal microbes assures the simultaneous binding to multiple, diverse commensal-derived antigens. However, the exact mechanisms by which B cells mount broadly reactive IgA to the gut microbiome remains elusive.