Challenges in Detection of Serum Oncoprotein: Relevance to Breast Cancer Diagnostics.

Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy that shows improved outcomes with earlier diagnosis. Current screening and monitoring methods have improved survival rates, but the limitations of these approaches have led to the investigation of biomarker evaluation to improve early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a specific and robust technique ideally suited for the quantification of protein biomarkers from blood or its constituents.

Delivery of insulin by jet injection: recent observations.

Medi-Ject Corporation (now Antares Pharma, Inc.) has been providing delivery devices for the needle-free administration of insulin for over 25 years. This study was one of the final steps in the development and premarket evaluation of Medi-Ject's newest needle-free system, the Medi-Jector Vision.

Vaccines for latent viruses.

There are two traditional ways to modify a virus for immunization: (1) kill the virus or (2) use a live, attenuated virus. There are three modern ways to prepare vaccines: (1) extract and purify a part of the virus that is immunogenic, (2) synthesize a polypeptide immunogen piece of the virus, or (3) use recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid or gene splicing to prepare an immunogenic portion of the virus. The last three produce subunit vaccines that can be made to contain no deoxyribonucleic acid.

Human papillomavirus heterogeneity in 36 renal transplant recipients.

Immunosuppressed patients such as renal transplant recipients are prone to increased incidence of wart disease. We examined 48 tissue specimens from 36 renal transplant recipients using human papillomaviruses (HPVs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in filter hybridization under stringent conditions. The results showed that 90% of the samples contained HPV DNA.