Effectiveness of Fuling () and its extracts against spleen deficiency in rats tonifying spleen.

Objective: To observe and explore the effect of Fuling () in alleviating the spleen deficiency symptom pattern (SDSP).

Methods: We established an animal model of SDS in Sprague-Dawley () rats by treating them with deficiency-inducing factors, including irregular feeding and tail clamping. Mice were administered Fuling () and its extracts (raw/cooked powder, aqueous/alcohol extract) by gavage once a day for 21 d.

Principal components analysis of regional bone density in black and white women: relationship to body size and composition.

Black and white women in the United States differ with respect to bone mass and the risk of developing osteoporosis. It has been suggested that greater body size among U.S.

Refractive index of some mammalian tissues using a fiber optic cladding method.

The index of refraction n of the many mammalian tissues is an important but somewhat neglected optical constant. Archival and oral papers have quoted the use of values of n for tissue generally ranging from 1.35 to 1.