Evaluation of pregnancy and foaling rates after reduction of twin pregnancy via transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration in mares.

Objective: To assess pregnancy and live foaling rates after reduction of twin pregnancy via transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUA) in mares and evaluate effects of gestational period, localization of conceptuses, fluid aspiration volume, and combination of TUA with embryonic or fetal puncture on these outcomes.

Design: Clinical trial.

Animals: 44 mares pregnant with twins (25 to 62 days of gestation).

Effect of procaine, pentoxifylline and trolox on capacitation and hyperactivation of stallion spermatozoa.

Reasons for low in vitro fertilisation rates in the horse include the difficulties in inducing capacitation and/or hyperactivation of stallion spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of noncapacitating and capacitating modified Whitten's (MW) and modified Tyrode's medium (MT) and treatment with procaine (5 mmol), pentoxifylline (3.5 mmol) and trolox (120 mmol) on motility (CASA), capacitation, acrosomal status, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of stallion spermatozoa (n = 4).