Preventing confounding in observational studies in orthopedic trauma surgery through expert panels: a systematic review.

Purpose: Confounding in observational studies can be mitigated by selecting only those patients, in whom equipoise of both treatments is secured by experts' disagreement over optimal therapy.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify observational studies in the field of orthopedic trauma surgery that utilized expert panels for patient inclusion in order to limit the potential for confounding.

Results: Four studies were identified that used expert panels to select participants based on expert disagreement.

Periodontal response to nonsurgical accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.

Tooth movement is a complex process involving the vascularization of the tissues, remodeling of the bone cells, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts under the hormonal and neuronal regulation mechanisms in response to mechanical force application. Therefore, it will inevitably impact periodontal tissues. Prolonged treatment can lead to adverse effects on teeth and periodontal tissues, prompting the development of various methods to reduce the length of orthodontic treatment.

The Association of Sarcopenia and Body Composition With Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo in Older Adults.

Objectives: One-third of older adults suffer from dizziness and vertigo. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV), which occurs due to otoconia moving into the semicircular canal, is the most common vestibular disorder. We evaluated the connection between BPPV and geriatric symptoms.

Effects of nitrogen doses on stomatal characteristics, chlorophyll content, and agronomic traits in wheat ( L.).

It is very important to determine the chlorophyll content (SPAD) and nitrogen (N) requirement in order to increase the seed yield and nutritional quality of wheat. This research was carried out with three N doses (0, 50, 100 kg ha) and nine wheat cultivars (Alpu-2001, Soyer-02, Kate-A1, Bezostaja-1, Altay-2000, Müfitbey, Nacibey, Harmankaya-99 and Sönmez-2001) during 2-years field condition according to factorial randomized complete block design and three replications. In this study, with the increase of N dose (N50), seed yield increased by 13%, plant height by 10.

Mechanistic Understanding of Superior Methylene Blue Adsorption Capacity in a Novel g-CN Modified Amorphous Na-Ca-Mg Silicate Adsorbent: Insights from Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

Silicate-based adsorbents offer significant advantages over traditional materials, particularly due to their superior thermal and chemical stability, enhanced regenerability, and the ability to endure more rigorous operating conditions. In this study, an amorphous Na-Ca-magnesium silicate adsorbent (SAAM) and its g-CN-modified counterpart (gCN-SAAM) were synthesized via alkali activation and a subsequent thermal process, respectively. The g-CN modification resulted in a novel hybrid adsorbent with a remarkable methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of 420 mg g, four times higher than the unmodified sample, setting a new benchmark.