Sex-specific associations of environmental exposures with prevalent diabetes and obesity - Results from the KORA Fit study.

Promising evidence suggests a link between environmental factors, particularly air pollution, and diabetes and obesity. However, it is still unclear whether men and women are equally susceptible to environmental exposures. Therefore, we aimed to assess sex-specific long-term effects of environmental exposures on metabolic diseases.

Clusters of longitudinal risk profile trajectories are associated with cardiometabolic diseases: Results from the population-based KORA cohort.

Background: Multiple risk factors contribute jointly to the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, joint longitudinal trajectories of multiple risk factors might represent different degrees of cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: We analyzed population-based data comprising three examinations (Exam 1: 1999-2001, Exam 2: 2006-2008, Exam 3: 2013-2014) of 976 male and 1004 female participants of the KORA cohort (Southern Germany).

Trajectories of glycaemic traits exhibit sex-specific associations with hepatic iron and fat content: Results from the KORA-MRI study.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a major disease burden in the population. While the bidirectional association between NAFLD and diabetes is established, little is known about the association of hepatic iron content and glycaemia. Moreover, analyses of sex-specific effects and of dynamic changes in glycaemia are scarce.

Finite-size corrections to scaling of the magnetization distribution in the two-dimensional XY model at zero temperature.

The zero-temperature, classical XY model on an L×L square lattice is studied by exploring the distribution Φ_{L}(y) of its centered and normalized magnetization y in the large-L limit. An integral representation of the cumulant generating function, known from earlier works, is used for the numerical evaluation of Φ_{L}(y), and the limit distribution Φ_{L→∞}(y)=Φ_{0}(y) is obtained with high precision. The two leading finite-size corrections Φ_{L}(y)-Φ_{0}(y)≈a_{1}(L)Φ_{1}(y)+a_{2}(L)Φ_{2}(y) are also extracted both from numerics and from analytic calculations.