NADPH oxidase activation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal/aquaporin-4 adducts as possible new players in oxidative neuronal damage presents in drug-resistant epilepsy.

A correlation between epilepsy and cellular redox imbalance has been suggested, although the mechanism by which oxidative stress (OS) can be implicated in this disorder is not clear. In the present study several oxidative stress markers and enzymes involved in OS have been determined. In particular, we examined the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts (HNE-PA), a by-product of lipid peroxidation, and the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), as cellular source of superoxide (O(2)(-)), in surgically resected epileptic tissue from drug-resistant patients (N=50).

Supratentorial neurenteric cyst associated with a intraparenchymal subependymoma.

Neurenteric cyst is a rare developmental lesion that very infrequently is localised supratentorially. Intraparenchymal subependymoma is an even more rare benign tumour. The authors report the case of a 45-year-old gentleman with a background of drug resistant epilepsy.