Anal human papillomavirus infection is associated with HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted agent that causes anogenital cancer and precancer lesions that have an inflammatory infiltrate, may be friable and bleed. Our aim was to determine the association between anal HPV infection and HIV acquisition.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Immunophenotypic alterations in acute and early HIV infection.

To understand the extent of immune dysregulation in primary HIV infection (PHI) and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on restoring these abnormalities, we longitudinally evaluated 52 subjects (Acute-Treated (AT); Early-Treated (ET); Early Untreated (EU)) for markers of activation, proliferation, and function on T cells. ET and AT patients differed by 0.54 log viral load (VL) at baseline but did not differ thereafter by more than 0.

Antimicrobial resistance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988 to 2003: the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Background: Over the past 60 years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has acquired clinically significant resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillins, and ciprofloxacin.

Objective: To determine U.S.

Whole-blood interleukin-18 level during early HIV-1 infection is associated with reduced CXCR4 coreceptor expression and interferon- gamma levels.

Interleukin (IL)-18 generates T helper 1-type immunity and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in primary cells in vitro. Because IL-18 may participate in HIV-1 containment, whole-blood IL-18 levels were measured in 20 healthy control subjects and longitudinally in 28 subjects with early HIV-1 infection. Compared with those in control subjects, IL-18 levels were higher during early HIV-1 infection, and IL-18 levels predicted reduced CXCR4 HIV-1 coreceptor expression and diminished interferon (IFN)- gamma levels.

Comparison of secular trends in pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive disease in Denver, Colorado (1971-2004) and serotype coverage by marketed pneumococcal vaccines.

Invasive pneumococcal isolates from three hospitals in Denver, CO, USA were serotyped between 1971 and 2004. Serotype 14 was most common (13.2%), and other prevalent serotypes (3, 4, 6, 9 and 19) together accounted for 44.