Correlated ion-(ion/neutral) time of flight mass spectrometer.

The fragmentation of molecular systems into ions and neutral species is ubiquitous in fundamental and applied science. While the ion fragments are relatively easily detected by mass spectrometry technique, the information on the neutral product that is formed in correlation is challenging. In this contribution, we present a detailed description of the correlated ion-(ion/neutral) time of flight mass spectrometer, which is dedicated to the study of molecular dissociation induced by electrons at low energies (<20 eV).

Climate impact on malaria in northern Burkina Faso.

The Paluclim project managed by the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) found that total rainfall for a 3-month period is a confounding factor for the density of malaria vectors in the region of Nouna in the Sahel administrative territory of northern Burkina Faso. Following the models introduced in 1999 by Craig et al. and in 2003 by Tanser et al.

Evaluation of a short formation on the performance of point-of-care renal ultrasound performed by physicians without previous ultrasound skills: prospective observational study.

Background: Point-of-Care Ultrasound (PoCUS) is recommended by emergency medicine societies for the detection of hydronephrosis. Training of certified Emergency Physicians (EP) without prior ultrasound experience remains debated. We investigate performance of a brief training session for the detection of hydronephrosis with PoCUS performed by EP without previous ultrasound experience.

Evaluation of a HgCdTe e-APD based detector for 2 μm CO DIAL application.

Benefiting from close to ideal amplification properties (high gain, low dark current, and low excess noise factor), HgCdTe electron initiated avalanche photodiode (e-APD) technology exhibits state of the art sensitivity, thus being especially relevant for applications relying on low light level detection, such as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). In addition, the tunable gap of the HgCdTe alloy enables coverage of the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) and especially the 2 μm spectral range. For these two reasons, a HgCdTe e-APD based detector is a promising candidate for future differential absorption LIDAR missions targeting greenhouse gas absorption bands in SWIR.

2-μm Ho emitter-based coherent DIAL for CO(2) profiling in the atmosphere.

We report on the use of a thulium-fiber-pumped holmium-based emitter in a coherent differential absorption lidar (CDIAL) experiment for high time and space resolution of CO(2) absorption field in the atmosphere. The 2-μm high-power dual-wavelength single-mode Q-switched Ho:YLF oscillator delivers 10-mJ pulses with a duration of 40 ns at 2 kHz. Both short pulse duration and high repetition rate were chosen to increase the DIAL precision and time and space resolution in coherent detection.