Olfactory Dysfunction and Limbic Hypoactivation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The epileptogenic network in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) contains structures of the primary and secondary olfactory cortex such as the piriform and entorhinal cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. Olfactory auras and olfactory dysfunction are relevant symptoms of TLE. This study aims to characterize olfactory function in TLE using olfactory testing and olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Single-neuron representations of odours in the human brain.

Olfaction is a fundamental sensory modality that guides animal and human behaviour. However, the underlying neural processes of human olfaction are still poorly understood at the fundamental-that is, the single-neuron-level. Here we report recordings of single-neuron activity in the piriform cortex and medial temporal lobe in awake humans performing an odour rating and identification task.

Single-neuron representation of nonsymbolic and symbolic number zero in the human medial temporal lobe.

The number zero holds a special status among numbers, indispensable for developing a comprehensive number theory. Despite its importance in mathematics, the neuronal foundation of zero in the human brain is unknown. We conducted single-neuron recordings in neurosurgical patients while they made judgments involving nonsymbolic number representations (dot numerosity), including the empty set, and symbolic numbers (Arabic numerals), including numeral zero.

Concept and location neurons in the human brain provide the 'what' and 'where' in memory formation.

Our brains create new memories by capturing the 'who/what', 'where' and 'when' of everyday experiences. On a neuronal level, mechanisms facilitating a successful transfer into episodic memory are still unclear. We investigated this by measuring single neuron activity in the human medial temporal lobe during encoding of item-location associations.

Distinct neuronal representation of small and large numbers in the human medial temporal lobe.

Whether small numerical quantities are represented by a special subitizing system that is distinct from a large-number estimation system has been debated for over a century. Here we show that two separate neural mechanisms underlie the representation of small and large numbers. We performed single neuron recordings in the medial temporal lobe of neurosurgical patients judging numbers.