Efficacy and safety of lisinopril in older patients with essential hypertension.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy has been thought to be more effective in hypertensive patients with normal or elevated levels of renin in the plasma. However, several studies have challenged this concept by demonstrating the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril and enalapril) in older patients, among whom a low level of renin activity in the plasma is common, and in other patients with low-renin essential hypertension. Lisinopril, a new long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, also has been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent in older patients.

The clinical pharmacology of lisinopril.

Lisinopril is an orally active, nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is not metabolized or bound to protein. Peak serum concentrations occur 6-8 h after oral dosing. Lisinopril bioavailability (approximately 25%) is not significantly affected by food, age, or coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), propranolol, digoxin, and glibenclamide.

[Worldwide experience with enalapril].

Up to now, the experiments carried out throughout the world with enalapril have been most encouraging. The drug gives good, even excellent responses in 54 to 66 % of patients with essential hypertension, and it is at least as effective as diuretics and beta-blockers. Compared with those of diuretics, the effects of enalapril confirm that the best responders are those patients who are most dependent on the renin-angiotensin system.

Antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous timolol in supraventricular arrhythmias.

The antiarrhythmic effect of timolol was investigated in 160 subjects with supraventricular arrhythmias. In our double-blind, randomized, parallel, multiclinic study, subjects received timolol, 1 mg iv, or matching placebo as a starting dose, followed by a second and third dose of 1 mg each (or matching placebo) at 20-min intervals if the arrhythmia did not convert to sinus rhythm. Subjects in whom the sinus rhythm returned or the ventricular rate decreased to less than 100 bpm were transferred to a dosing regimen of timolol in 10-mg tablets twice a day by mouth, 1 hr after the last intravenous dose.

Enalapril in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Overall review of efficacy and safety.

Multiclinic controlled studies have shown that enalapril alone 10 to 40 mg/day orally is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Enalapril has been compared with thiazides and beta-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol). The effect on systolic blood pressure has been greater with enalapril than with beta-blockers.