Lower (1,3)-beta-d-glucan sensitivity and in vitro levels in Candida auris and Candida parapsilosis strains.

Objectives: The serum (1,3)-beta-d-glucan (BDG) assay gives quicker results and has higher sensitivity than blood cultures, therefore it is advised for early diagnosis of invasive candidemia and/or discontinuation of empirical therapy. Its sensitivity may depend on different factors. The aim of our study was to analyse the in vitro and in vivo BDG levels in clinical isolates of three species of Candida responsible for candidemia.

Lower blood levels of isavuconazole in critically ill patients compared with other populations: possible need for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Background: Isavuconazole is first-line treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is deemed not necessary, since most patients reached therapeutic levels (>1 mg/L) in large studies. Low levels were reported in some critically ill patients admitted to the ICU.

Sensitivity of Serum Beta-D-Glucan in Candidemia According to Species Epidemiology in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Serum beta-D-glucan (BDG) determination plays an important role in the diagnosis of candidemia among critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, BDG levels measured may be lower in the case of infections caused by some non- species, such as and . The aim of this single-center study was to investigate the sensitivity of serum BDG for the diagnosis of candidemia stratified according to causative species in ICU patients.

Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir determined with an ELISA test in youths with perinatally acquired HIV.

Objective: To investigate the plasma levels of lopinavir by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cohort of patients who were vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV).

Methods: Plasma levels of lopinavir (Cmin) were determined by ELISA test in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir-based combined antiretroviral therapy who had achieved virological response after 4 wk of therapy. Reference lopinavir concentrations were Cmin 1-8 μg/mL.