The evolution of Tamiflu synthesis, 20 years on: Advent of enabling technologies the last piece of the puzzle?

Influenza is a serious respiratory disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality due to both annual epidemics and pandemics; its treatment involves the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. (-)-Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) approved in 1999, is one of the most potent oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Consequently, more than 70 Tamiflu synthetic procedures have been developed to date.

Multi-element analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry of airborne particulate matter collected with a low-pressure cascade impactor.

A method was developed for the elemental analysis of size segregated particles ranging from 0.03 to 10 microns. Sampling and analysis problems are discussed in this paper.

[Acoustic rhinometry for evaluating the effectiveness of antihistaminics].

Acoustic rhinometry is a unique non-invasive technique for imaging and measuring the free cross-sectional area of the main nasal cavity. By so doing, reactions of the mucosa can be assessed at any selected site in the nose. The goal of this study was to define the optimal conditions for the utilization of acoustic rhinometry to determine the ability of an antihistamine to alter the effects of histamine in the mucous membrane of the nose.

[Feasibility of the differential diagnostic imaging of neck lymphomas].

In 51 patients with cervical swellings, pretherapeutic examinations by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were carried out for the confirmation of exclusion of cervical lymph node metastases. By use of the M/Q ratio and morphological criteria, it is possible with ultrasound to differentiate between relatively enlarged lymph modes and lymph node metastasis with a certainly of > 90%. This was only possible in CT after administration of contrast media and the success rate was lower (72%).

[The value of magnetic resonance tomography and computed tomography in the tumor staging of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas].

43 patients with malignant tumours of the larynx or hypopharynx were examined by MRT and CT to compare their accuracy for T-staging. There was histological confirmation in all cases. Histological studies showed an accuracy in T-staging of 90% for MRT and 82% for CT.