Systematic assessment of ISWI subunits shows that NURF creates local accessibility for CTCF.

Catalytic activity of the imitation switch (ISWI) family of remodelers is critical for nucleosomal organization and DNA binding of certain transcription factors, including the insulator protein CTCF. Here we define the contribution of individual subcomplexes by deriving a panel of isogenic mouse stem cell lines, each lacking one of six ISWI accessory subunits. Individual deletions of subunits of either CERF, RSF, ACF, WICH or NoRC subcomplexes only moderately affect the chromatin landscape, while removal of the NURF-specific subunit BPTF leads to a strong reduction in chromatin accessibility and SNF2H ATPase localization around CTCF sites.

Mammalian SWI/SNF continuously restores local accessibility to chromatin.

Chromatin accessibility is a hallmark of regulatory regions, entails transcription factor (TF) binding and requires nucleosomal reorganization. However, it remains unclear how dynamic this process is. In the present study, we use small-molecule inhibition of the catalytic subunit of the mouse SWI/SNF remodeler complex to show that accessibility and reduced nucleosome presence at TF-binding sites rely on persistent activity of nucleosome remodelers.

Adrenal hemorrhage in newborn: how, when and why- from case report to literature review.

Background: Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon condition (0.2-0.55%).

Cross-sectional study shows that impaired bone mineral status and metabolism are found in nonmosaic triple X syndrome.

Aim: The effect of a supernumerary X chromosome on bones has not been reported, and this study evaluated bone mineral status and metabolism in nonmosaic triple X syndrome.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 19 girls, with a median age of 10.9 years, with nonmosaic triple X syndrome and a control group matched for age and body size.