Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Modulate Macrophage Phenotypes and Inflammatory Interactions in Pulpal and Periodontal Tissues.

Inflammation significantly influences cellular communication in the oral environment, impacting tissue repair and regeneration. This study explores the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in modulating macrophage polarization and osteoblast differentiation. SCAPs were treated with LPS for 24 h, and sEVs from untreated (SCAP-sEVs) and LPS-treated SCAP (LPS-SCAP-sEVs) were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing.

Intracerebroventricular B7-H3-targeting CAR T cells for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a phase 1 trial.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal central nervous system (CNS) tumor that confers a median survival of 11 months. As B7-H3 is expressed on pediatric CNS tumors, we conducted BrainChild-03, a single-center, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial of repetitive intracerebroventricular (ICV) dosing of B7-H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells (B7-H3 CAR T cells) for children with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors and DIPG. Here we report results from Arm C, restricted to patients with DIPG.

Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Intervention to Influence Antibiotic Prescribing Rates Use in Outpatient Settings: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary care providers (PCPs) may modify their antibiotic prescription practices if aware of their potentially damaging impact.

Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial at 12 Veterans Affairs community-based outpatient clinics. PCPs at clinics randomized to the intervention group received quarterly antibiotic use reports with feedback about antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory infections and adverse event letters alerting about infection or antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria among their patients.

Correction: Sebro et al. Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2024, , 695.

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Substance P and Neurokinin-1 receptor are overexpressed in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma than in the pituitary gland.

Background: Human adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a brain tumor that originates at the base of the skull and shows aggressive local behavior, invading sensitive structures such as the optic pathways and hypothalamus. The conventional treatment of the tumor has been surgery and radiotherapy with the consequent development of serious sequelae. It is well known that Substance P (SP) peptide and Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) are involved in inflammation and cancer progression and its blockage with NK-1R antagonists has been shown to effectively counteract tumor development in preclinical trials.