Bernard Bornstein (1900-1977): His life and contribution to Polish and Israeli neurology.

Bernard Bornstein (1900-1975) was one of a few Polish-Jewish neurologists who escaped the tragic fate of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. Educated at the University of Vienna and practicing until the war in Cracow, Bornstein in his scientific work dealt comprehensively with various neurological topics, bringing to Israeli medicine the best of pre-War European neurological diagnostics and combining them with the latest achievements of genetics. He was a teacher of many prominent Israeli neurologists.

The scientific path of Jakub Frostig in the light of his correspondence with the leading representatives of world psychiatry - from psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach to biological psychiatry. Part 2. Towards biological psychiatry.

In the second part of the article devoted to Jakub Frostig (1896-1959), his research from the 1930s on insulin coma treatment is presented in a broader context. Frostig began his research in the psychiatric hospital Zofiówka in Otwock and continued after his emigration to the United States. Thanks to new sources, we managed to determine the reasons underlying Frostig's departure from Poland.

The scientific path of Jakub Frostig in the light of his correspondence with the leading representatives of world psychiatry - from psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach to biological psychiatry. Part 1. Towards psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach.

Jakub Frostig (1896-1959) was one of the most active Polish psychiatrists of the interwar period, with broad scientific interests, maintaining close scientific contacts with the leading specialists of world psychiatry, from the German -and English-language areas. This aspect of his activity is presented in the two-part publication based on new sources, which have never been used before, especially on the correspondence with Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966), Max Müller (1894-1980) and Adolf Meyer (1866-1955), spanning several years. In addition, the German-language work of the psychiatrist and its reception in this language area are described in more detail for the first time.

Oskar Kobyliński (1856-1926) and the first description of Noonan syndrome in the medical literature.

While a student of University in Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) Oskar Kobyliński published an article reporting on his 22-year-old patient Leisar Eischikmann, who suffered from a congenital deformity of the neck. Kobyliński described this rare anomaly and called it "flüghautige Verbreitung des Halses" (wing-like extension of the neck). It was only in 1902 when the name pterygium colli was introduced, and it has been in use ever since.