Enhanced warming of European mountain permafrost in the early 21st century.

Mountain permafrost, constituting 30% of the global permafrost area, is sensitive to climate change and strongly impacts mountain ecosystems and communities. This study examines 21st century permafrost warming in European mountains using decadal ground temperature data from sixty-four boreholes in the Alps, Scandinavia, Iceland, Sierra Nevada and Svalbard. During 2013-2022, warming rates at 10 metres depth exceed 1 °C dec in cases, generally surpassing previous estimates because of accelerated warming and the use of a comprehensive data set.

Anti-Müllerian hormone induces autophagy to preserve the primordial follicle pool in mice.

The reserve pool of primordial follicles (PMFs) is finely regulated by molecules implicated in follicular growth or PMF survival. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles, is known for its inhibitory role in the initiation of PMF growth. We observed in a recent in vivo study that injection of AMH into mice seemed to induce an activation of autophagy.

BMPR1A and BMPR1B Missense Mutations Cause Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.

Context: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequently occurring disorder affecting approximately 1% of women under 40 years of age. POI, which is characterized by the premature depletion of ovarian follicles and elevated plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, leads to infertility. Although various etiological factors have been described, including chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations, most cases remain idiopathic.

ATG7 and ATG9A loss-of-function variants trigger autophagy impairment and ovarian failure.

Purpose: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequent disorder that affects ~1% of women under 40 years of age. POI, which is characterized by the premature depletion of ovarian follicles and elevated plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leads to infertility. Although various etiological factors have been described, including chromosomal abnormalities and gene variants, most cases remain idiopathic.

Keep your feet warm? A cryptic refugium of trees linked to a geothermal spring in an ocean of glaciers.

Up to now, the most widely accepted idea of the periglacial environment is that of treeless ecosystems such as the arctic or the alpine tundra, also called the tabula rasa paradigm. However, several palaeoecological studies have recently challenged this idea, that is, treeless environments in periglacial areas where all organisms would have been exterminated near the glacier formed during the Last Glacial Maximum, notably in the Scandinavian mountains. In the Alps, the issue of glacial refugia of trees remains unanswered.