Industrial symbiosis: corn ethanol fermentation, hydrothermal carbonization, and anaerobic digestion.

The production of dry-grind corn ethanol results in the generation of intermediate products, thin and whole stillage, which require energy-intensive downstream processing for conversion into commercial animal feed products. Hydrothermal carbonization of thin and whole stillage coupled with anaerobic digestion was investigated as alternative processing methods that could benefit the industry. By substantially eliminating evaporation of water, reductions in downstream energy consumption from 65% to 73% were achieved while generating hydrochar, fatty acids, treated process water, and biogas co-products providing new opportunities for the industry.

A practical and scalable manufacturing process for an anti-fungal agent, Nikkomycin Z.

A scalable and reliable manufacturing process for Nikkomycin Z HCl on a 170 g scale has been developed and optimized. The process is characterized by a 2.3 g/L fermentation yield, 79% purification yield, and >98% relative purity of the final product.

[Hyponatraemia during the use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs): reports from 1992-2002].

Objective: To describe the reports of serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced hyponatraemia that were sent to The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb and the Inspectorate for Health Care.

Design: Descriptive study.

Method: Reports of SSRI-induced hyponatraemia received by Lareb and the Inspectorate for Health Care during the period 1 January 1992 to 1 July 2002 were described on the basis of symptoms, co-medication and comorbidity.

Quetiapine in the elderly with parkinsonism and psychosis.

In the present open prospective study the effects of quetiapine were investigated in two elderly patients with parkinsonism and psychosis. Treatment induced a marked antipsychotic effect that coincided with an improvement of general motor functioning. These findings support the idea that quetiapine may be preferentially of use in the elderly with parkinson's disease and psychotic symptoms.