A genotypically distinct, melanic variant of Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan is associated with arid environments.

Background: Anopheles arabiensis, an important malaria vector in Sudan and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, exhibits considerable ecological and behavioural plasticity allowing it to survive in the harsh conditions of arid regions. It has been shown that adult populations of An. arabiensis in the semi-desert habitat of western Khartoum State survive through the long dry season in a state of partial aestivation, characterized by limited feeding activity and a degree of arrested ovarian development.

Larvicidal activity of some plant extracts to larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say 1823).

Objectives And Methods: Searching for potent plant larvicides, crude aqueous extract of the latex of Uschar (Calotropis procera) and Labakh (Ficus benghalensis) were tested against the fourth instar larvae of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) using the conventional methods recommended by the WHO. Likewise, the toxicity level of Malathion was tested. The dose/response mortality relationship was statistically determined using double transformation regression analysis.

Role of the domestic dog as a reservoir host of Leishmania donovani in eastern Sudan.

Background: The study aims to determine the role of domestic dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 10 villages along the River Rahad in eastern Sudan to elucidate the role of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) as a reservoir host of Leishmania donovani. In this study, 87 dogs were screened for infection by Leishmania donovani.

Studies on phlebotomine sandflies in an active focus of leishmaniasis in the Sudan.

The present work is a pilot experiment meant to provide base line information on cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in an active focus on the White Nile, Sudan. The topics covered include species of sandflies prevailing in the area, anthropophily, endophily, suspected vector and reservoir host, seasonal and daily rhythm of activity and susceptibility to insecticides.

[Tumors of the bladder in patients under 40 years of age].

It is often stated that younger patients have a better prognosis than their older counterparts. From the records of 17 men and 2 women, aged 40 years or less it appears that bladder carcinoma in patients 30 years-old or less have a favorable prognosis. Disease occurring at age 30 to 40 has a much worse prognosis and is no different from that affecting the older age groups.