Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and vagus somatosensory evoked potentials add to the power of established parameters such as poor cognitive performance, dsyosmia and APOe genotype to predict cognitive decline over 8 years in the elderly.

Alzheimer's dementia is the main cause of cognitive impairment in people over the age of 65, with Alzheimer's disease starting presumably 10-15 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is therefore important to recognize dementia at an early stage and identify possible predictors. The existing methods, like different parameters of ß-Amyloid and Tau quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the living brain by measure of PET, are invasive and expensive.

Root and rhizosphere contribution to the net soil COS exchange.

Background And Aims: Partitioning the measured net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO) exchange into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration remains a challenge, which scientists try to tackle by using the properties of the trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). Its similar pathway into and within the leaf makes it a potential photosynthesis proxy. The application of COS as an effective proxy depends, among other things, on a robust inventory of potential COS sinks and sources within ecosystems.

Single-dose antibiotic therapy for urinary infections during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: During pregnancy, urinary infections are an important cause of maternofetal morbidity and mortality and may lead to several complications.

Objective: To verify whether the use of antibiotic therapy in a single dose when compared with multiple doses in lower tract urinary infections during pregnancy is effective to obtain microbiologic cure.

Search Strategy: Online databases were searched.

Soil carbonyl sulfide exchange in relation to microbial community composition: insights from a managed grassland soil amendment experiment.

The viability of carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements for partitioning ecosystem-scale net carbon dioxide (CO) fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration critically depends on our knowledge of non-leaf sinks and sources of COS in ecosystems. We combined soil gas exchange measurements of COS and CO with next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) to investigate the role of soil microbiota for soil COS exchange. We applied different treatments (litter and glucose addition, enzyme inhibition and gamma sterilization) to soil samples from a temperate grassland to manipulate microbial composition and activity.

Gross Primary Productivity of Four European Ecosystems Constrained by Joint CO and COS Flux Measurements.

Gross primary productivity (GPP), the gross uptake of carbon dioxide (CO) by plant photosynthesis, is the primary driver of the land carbon sink, which presently removes around one quarter of the anthropogenic CO emissions each year. GPP, however, cannot be measured directly and the resulting uncertainty undermines our ability to project the magnitude of the future land carbon sink. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as an independent proxy for GPP as it diffuses into leaves in a fashion very similar to CO, but in contrast to the latter is generally not emitted.