The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation.

Enterically coated (ENT) or delayed-release (DEL) capsules may lessen gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) following acute sodium citrate (SC) ingestion, although the effects on blood acid-base balance are undetermined. Fourteen active males ingested 0.4 g.

Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to summarize and meta-analyze existing evidence regarding the influence of CYP1A2 genotypes on the acute effects of caffeine for exercise performance and to investigate the interaction between genotype, dosage, and timing of caffeine supplementation.

Methods: Six databases were searched for studies determining the effect of caffeine (except mouth rinsing) on exercise performance between CYP1A2 genotypes. Three-level meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMD; Hedge's g ) to determine the effect of caffeine on exercise outcomes within and between CYP1A2 genotypes (AA, AC, and CC).

Caffeine and sport.

Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine found in coffee and several other foods and beverages. Its stimulatory effects make it an interesting strategy to boost performance for athletic populations. Scientific evidence supports its efficacy to improve high-intensity endurance exercise, explosive and high-intensity efforts, resistance exercise, team sports and combat sports, though individual variation in the ergogenic response to caffeine exists.

Performing moderate to severe activity is safe and tolerable for healthy youth while wearing a cloth facemask.

Objective: To investigate if a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in healthy young individuals.

Methods: Nine participants (sex, female/male: 6/3; age: 13±1 years; VO2peak: 44.5±5.