[Localization of the assessment of chronic illness care and item evaluation].

Objective: To translate the English version of the assessment of chronic illness care (ACIC) to Chinese, to conduct a trial in Hunan province and to develop a Chinese version ACIC.

Methods: According to the WHO rules, we translated the English version of the ACIC to Chinese and took the culture factor into account. Three hundred and ninety persons, who engaged in the work of chronic disease management in primary medical and health services in Hunan province, were enrolled for this study.

Modeling of brain metabolism and pyruvate compartmentation using (13)C NMR in vivo: caution required.

Two variants of a widely used two-compartment model were prepared for fitting the time course of [1,6-(13)C2]glucose metabolism in rat brain. Features common to most models were included, but in one model the enrichment of the substrates entering the glia and neuronal citric acid cycles was allowed to differ. Furthermore, the models included the capacity to analyze multiplets arising from (13)C spin-spin coupling, known to improve parameter estimates in heart.

High-resolution detection of ¹³C multiplets from the conscious mouse brain by ex vivo NMR spectroscopy.

Glucose readily supplies the brain with the majority of carbon needed to sustain neurotransmitter production and utilization. The rate of brain glucose metabolism can be computed using (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by detecting changes in (13)C contents of products generated by cerebral metabolism. As previously observed, scalar coupling between adjacent (13)C carbons (multiplets) can provide additional information to (13)C contents for the computation of metabolic rates.