Content validity of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth.

Objective: To validate the content of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth.

Method: A nursing diagnosis content validation, in which 29 experts analyzed the definition of powerlessness and assessed the relevance of related factors, populations at risk, associated conditions and defining characteristics. These elements were considered relevant when the Content Validity Index was greater than or equal to 0.

Effect of a one-step self-etch adhesive on endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases.

Degradation of the hybrid layer created in dentin by dentin adhesives is caused by enzyme activities present within the dentin matrix that destroy unprotected collagen fibrils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a one-step self-etch adhesive system on dentinal matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 4 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) using in situ zymography and an enzymatic activity assay. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in the activities of dentinal MMPs before and after treatment with a one-step adhesive system.

Co-distribution of cysteine cathepsins and matrix metalloproteases in human dentin.

It has been hypothesized that cysteine cathepsins (CTs) along with matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) may work in conjunction in the proteolysis of mature dentin matrix. The aim of this study was to verify simultaneously the distribution and presence of cathepsins B (CT-B) and K (CT-K) in partially demineralized dentin; and further to evaluate the activity of CTs and MMPs in the same tissue. The distribution of CT-B and CT-K in sound human dentin was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Two-year clinical evaluation of chlorhexidine incorporation in two-step self-etch adhesive.

Objectives: The aim of this 24-month double-blind randomized paired-tooth clinical study was to evaluate the 2-year clinical performance of two self-etch adhesives containing or not chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods: Twenty-two patients, with at least four NCCLs, participated in this study. After sample size calculation, 126 restorations were assigned to one of the following groups: CSE--Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray); CSE/CHX--Clearfil SE Bond+CHX; ADS--AdheSE (Ivoclar Vivadent); and ADS/CHX--AdheSE+CHX.

Adhesive performance of a multi-mode adhesive system: 1-year in vitro study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesive stability over time of a multi-mode one-step adhesive applied using different bonding techniques on human coronal dentine. The hypotheses tested were that microtensile bond strength (μTBS), interfacial nanoleakage expression and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activation are not affected by the adhesive application mode (following the use of self-etch technique or with the etch-and-rinse technique on dry or wet dentine) or by ageing for 24h, 6 months and 1year in artificial saliva.

Methods: Human molars were cut to expose middle/deep dentine and assigned to one of the following bonding systems (N=15): (1) Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) self-etch mode, (2) Scotchbond Universal etch-and-rinse technique on wet dentine, (3) Scotchbond Universal etch-and-rinse technique on dry dentine, and (4) Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply De Trey) etch-and-rinse technique on wet dentine (control).