Reduced Functional Brain Activation and Connectivity During a Working Memory Task in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia.

Objective: Working memory (WM) deficits are consistently reported in schizophrenia and are related to poor functional outcomes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of adult-onset schizophrenia have reported decreased functional activations and connectivity in the WM network, but no prior functional magnetic resonance imaging study has examined WM in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). The aim of this study was to examine the neural correlates of WM in COS.

Lack of Gender-Related Differences in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia.

Objective: Gender differences, including younger age of onset and greater premorbid deficits in men, have been reported in adult-onset schizophrenia. This study comprehensively evaluated gender differences in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a rare variant of the disorder.

Method: Demographic, premorbid, clinical, familial, and cognitive characteristics, presence of chromosomal abnormalities, and brain magnetic resonance imaging cortical volumes were evaluated in 133 patients with COS.

Lewin's manifest dream exercise revisited.

In an institute research class, the validity of Lewin's methodology in his manifest dream exercise was tested by a different approach. Class members developed a questionnaire based on two actual manifest dreams. Responses from six analytic candidates and fifteen graduate analysts were analyzed by two classroom groups, working independently.