Tracking the formation potential of vivianite within the treatment train of full-scale wastewater treatment plants.

Phosphorus recovery is a vital element for the circular economy. Wastewater, especially sewage sludge, shows great potential for recovering phosphate in the form of vivianite. This work focuses on studying the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur interactions at full-scale wastewater treatment plants (Viikinmäki, Finland and Seine Aval, France) with the goal of identifying unit processes with a potential for vivianite formation.

Functional properties of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons in awake monkey.

Electrophysiological single-cell responses were studied in 134 neurons in Walker's areas 46 and 9 of the prefrontal cortex of two stumptail macaques. The neurons were systematically tested for various visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli. In addition, the rate of neuronal discharges were observed in relation to provoked or spontaneous eye or limb movements.

Response characteristics of tooth pulp-driven postsynaptic neurons in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus oralis of the cat.

Neuronal activity in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus oralis in response to electrical tooth stimulation was recorded in the anaesthetized cat in order to compare the electrophysiological characteristics of the oralis neurons with those of subnucleus caudalis and interpolaris neurons recorded in previous studies. The most sensitive oralis neurons had lower thresholds and shorter latencies than the most sensitive caudalis and interpolaris neurons. The thresholds of the oralis neurons were lower and their strength-duration curves flatter than those depicting liminal dental pain in man but similar to those depicting liminal jaw reflexes in the cat.

Autoradiography of hypothalamic regions after acute hyperosmolarity in mice.

Many regions around the third ventricle of the brain are thought to participate in the regulation of water intake. In this study we have visualized in acutely hyperosmolar mice the hypothalamic regions by using autoradiography and [14C]deoxyglucose as marker. By applying a recently published, inexpensive, calibrated photographic method for the analysis of the autoradiographs, we can show that the medial parts of the hypothalamus near the third ventricle increased their uptake of deoxyglucose in comparison with the lateral parts.

Effects of moderate ethanol sedation on brain regional 2-deoxyglucose uptake in alcohol-sensitive and alcohol-insensitive rat lines.

Acute intraperitoneal ethanol administration (2 g/kg) decreased the accumulation of radioactivity after [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose injection into grossly dissected brain regions of alcohol-sensitive (ANT) and alcohol-insensitive (AT) rat lines. In autoradiography, the balance of radioactivity uptake between different functional systems (as judged from relative optical density ratios) was changed after ethanol: especially in the ANT rats, areas associated with sensory input were damped but motor relay nuclei were relatively active, suggesting a tendency to motor overactivity relative to sensory input. The ANT rats furthermore showed slight relative damping of cortical associative areas and differences in limbic structures compared to the AT rats, which, provided that changes in the balance between brain regions with a decreased overall activity are meaningful, suggests that the higher level of ethanol-induced motor impairment of the ANT rats may be related to defects in their integration of sensory and motor processes.