[Evaluation of the visual disorders of the children].

The refractive error and the strabismus are the most frequent of the visual abnormalities of the children. Without early treatment a high bilateral refractive error produces a bilateral amblyopia. The asymmetric refractive error and the strabismus can produce unilateral amblyopia when the treatment is delayed (glasses for the first and glasses and alternative fixation for the last).

Complete sex reversal in a WAGR syndrome patient.

The WAGR contiguous gene deletion syndrome is a combination of Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation. Children with WAGR syndrome invariably have a constitutional chromosomal deletion at 11p13. WT1 haploinsufficiency is associated with a significant risk of Wilms tumor while PAX6 haploinsufficiency lead to aniridia, both genes located in the deleted region.

[Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome].

Basis: In a retrospective study on 155 patients with Stilling-Turk-Duane's syndrome, we compare our results with those described in the literature. Particular focus was based on the different clinical entities observed.

Patients And Methods: Patients were selected from 8000 charts of cases of strabismus seen in the Ophthalmological Clinic of the CHU in Nantes between 1980 and 1995.

[Differential photo-oculography of vertical and oblique movements].

Up to now EOG has been the only method used to record ocular movements in daily practice. However such a mean has various drawbacks and limits. It has two main gaps: firstly for vertical movements because the interference discharges related with palpebral movements and blinkings; on the other hand for oblique movements because the unequal transmission of EOG potential towards the orbital rim.