Single-Molecule Imaging Reveals Rapid Estradiol Action on the Surface Movement of AMPA Receptors in Live Neurons.

Gonadal steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts rapid, non-genomic effects on neurons and strictly regulates learning and memory through altering glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, its non-genomic effects on AMPARs are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the rapid effect of E2 on AMPARs using single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging techniques.

Rapid non-classical effects of steroids on the membrane receptor dynamics and downstream signaling in neurons.

Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Although rapid effects of steroid hormones on membrane receptors and intracellular signaling molecules have been extensively studied in neurons, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms behind these non-classical steroid actions. Single molecule tracking (SMT) studies on live cells demonstrated that surface trafficking of membrane receptors determines their ligand binding properties and downstream signaling events.

Akt/protein B and estradiol receptor alpha expressions in postmenopausal endometrium.

Objective: Estrogen receptor interacts in several types of cells with phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulating cell survival and apoptosis. No data are available of the Akt/PKB signaling and its role in the endometrial homeostasis of the postmenopausal uterus. The aim of the present investigation was to study the Akt/protein kinase B signaling in tissue samples retrieved from postmenopausal endometrium of the human uterus with parallel observation of the changes of the expression and phosphorylation of ERalpha.

Involvement of FKHR (FOXO1) transcription factor in human uterus leiomyoma growth.

Objective: To study the expression of FOXO1 and pSer256-FOXO1 parallel to Akt and pSer473-Akt in leiomyoma compared with adjacent myometrium from human uteri.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University departments.

Effect of estrogen and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase on Akt and FOXO1 in rat uterus.

The importance of FOXO transcription factors in regulating different aspects of cellular homeostasis and apoptosis has become apparent. Akt/protein kinase B has been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate members of FOXO family of transcription factors. Akt and its upstream regulator, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) are involved in rapid action of estrogen (E2) in different cells and tissues.