Stratification of alopecia areata reveals involvement of CD4 T cell populations and altered faecal microbiota.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease that causes non-scarring hair loss. Autoreactive CD8 T cells are key pathogenic effectors in the skin, and AA has been associated both with atopy and with perturbations in intestinal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms driving AA by characterizing the circulating immunophenotype and faecal microbiome, and by stratifying AA to understand how identified signatures associated with heterogeneous clinical features of the condition.

Oxygen Cost of Walking in People With Multiple Sclerosis and Its Association With Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the oxygen cost of walking in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls and to assess the relationship between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue in individuals with MS.

Methods: Four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Science) were searched up to September 2020. Studies were included if they recruited adults with MS and either compared oxygen cost of walking in those with MS and a control population or determined the relationship between oxygen cost of walking and fatigue.

The Usefulness of the Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of the 5-Year Survival in Stage 1-3 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: We have previously shown that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a predictor of survival among breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of NLR among different nodal and chemotherapy subgroups of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods: Patients with stage 1-3 TNBC who underwent treatment from 2007 to 2014 and had blood counts prior to treatments were included.

Is Fatigue Associated With Aerobic Capacity and Muscle Strength in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the relationship between self-reported fatigue and aerobic capacity and muscle strength in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Data Sources: Four databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Web of Science Core Collections) were searched up to October 2018.

Study Selection: Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that reported the association between self-reported fatigue and aerobic capacity or objectively measured muscle strength in people with MS were included.

Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease-associated psychological morbidity.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease, causing patchy hair loss that can progress to involve the entire scalp (totalis) or body (universalis). CD8 NKG2D T cells dominate hair follicle pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms driving hair loss are not fully understood.

Objectives: To provide a detailed insight into the systemic cytokine signature associated with AA, and to assess the association between cytokines and depression.