Response time of indirectly accessed gas exchange depends on measurement method.

Noninvasive techniques are routinely used for assessment of tissue effects of lung ventilation. However, comprehensive studies of the response time of the methods are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the response time of noninvasive methods for monitoring of gas exchange to sudden changes in the composition of the inspired gas.

Tardive dyskinesia prevalence rates during a ten-year follow-up.

We followed up patients in the State Psychiatric Hospital Mauer-Ohling, Mauer-Ohling, Austria, who had been examined in 1982 to determine the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Of the 861 patients examined in 1982, 270 were still in hospital 10 years later. Only these patients were included in our study.

[Neuroleptic low-dose long-term strategy and intermittent therapy strategy in chronic schizophrenia--a critical review].

Much effort has been devoted during the past decade in finding new therapeutic approaches to cope with the commonly occurring adverse side effects of long-term neuroleptic maintenance treatment of schizophrenics, such as, in particular, akathisia, parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Both low-dose maintenance (e.g.

Defining treatment refractoriness in schizophrenia.

Addressing the need for research on the nature of refractoriness to antipsychotic drug therapy exhibited by a substantial minority of schizophrenic patients, Philip R.A. May and Sven Jonas Dencker instigated an international study group to discuss this problem, beginning with the International Congress of Neuropsychopharmacology in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1980.