Salivary levels of gramicidin after use of a tyrothricin-containing gargle/mouth-wash and tyrothricin lozenges.

Three pharmaceutical preparations for the disinfection of the oropharynx were tested with regard to the gramicidin concentration obtained in the saliva after their appropriate application. Peak values followed a dose-concentration relationship and were highest after sucking a lozenge containing 10 mg tyrothricin (mean 109.3 mg/L) followed by that of a gargle/mouth-wash containing 667 mg tyrothricin/L (mean 21.

Bioavailability of D-penicillamine in relation to gastrointestinal involvement of generalized scleroderma.

The bioavailability of D-penicillamine was measured in 24 patients with generalized scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis, PSS). Esophageal changes characteristic of generalized scleroderma were present in 15 of the patients, and 3 of those patients had duodenal involvements as well. The plasma concentrations of D-penicillamine were measured at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h after an oral dose of 300 mg D-penicillamine.

Bioavailability of D-penicillamine in a patient with gastrointestinal progressive systemic sclerosis.

D-penicillamine pharmacokinetics were studied in a patient with gastrointestinal progressive systemic sclerosis possibly complicated by malabsorption. D-penicillamine bioavailability was examined after oral, duodenal, intravenous and rectal administration. No D-penicillamine was detectable in plasma after administration to the gastrointestinal tract.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of D-penicillamine.

The absolute and the relative bioavailability of D-penicillamine, available from different dosage forms and products, was studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Plasma levels and urine excretion of D-penicillamine were determined up to 8 h after administration by high performance liquid chromatography after intravenous administration of 250 mg and after oral administration of 250 mg (2 products) and 150 mg (1 product) D-penicillamine. The absolute bioavailability on oral administration was 50-70%.

Salivary levels of gramicidin after use of a tyrothricin lozenge and a tyrothricin gargle/mouth-wash.

Salivary levels and total salivary recovery of gramicidin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in healthy volunteers after administration of a tyrothricin lozenge and a tyrothricin gargle/mouth-wash. Average peak values of gramicidin after sucking the lozenge were 37.5 mg/l and were usually reached within the five minutes.