Pathophysiology in cortico-amygdala circuits and excessive aversion processing: the role of oligodendrocytes and myelination.

Stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, present with alterations in emotional processing, including excessive processing of negative/aversive stimuli and events. The bidirectional human/primate brain circuit comprising anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala is of fundamental importance in processing emotional stimuli, and in rodents the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit is to some extent analogous in structure and function. Here, we assess the comparative evidence for: (i) Anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala bidirectional neural circuits as major contributors to aversive stimulus processing; (ii) Structural and functional changes in anterior cingulate cortex<->amygdala circuit associated with excessive aversion processing in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, and in medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuit in rodent models of chronic stress-induced increased aversion reactivity; and (iii) Altered status of oligodendrocytes and their oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuits in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and stress models.

Bipolar Disorder Among Older Adults: Newer Evidence to Guide Clinical Practice.

The term (OABD) refers to patients with bipolar disorder who are ages 50 and older. Research findings suggest important differences, including the attenuation of manic symptoms with age and the occurrence of multiple somatic comorbid conditions. Although the pharmacological treatment of OABD is fairly similar, adverse effects, somatic comorbidity, and drug-drug interactions are more common.

Predictors of Functional Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Results From 13 Cohorts From Seven Countries by the Global Bipolar Cohort Collaborative.

Objectives: Persistent functional impairment is common in bipolar disorder (BD) and is influenced by a number of demographic, clinical, and cognitive features. The goal of this project was to estimate and compare the influence of key factors on community function in multiple cohorts of well-characterized samples of individuals with BD.

Methods: Thirteen cohorts from 7 countries included = 5882 individuals with BD across multiple sites.

Cognition in older age bipolar disorder: An analysis of archival data across the globe.

Background: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) impact functioning and are main contributors to disability in older age BD (OABD). We investigated the difference between OABD and age-comparable healthy comparison (HC) participants and, among those with BD, the associations between age, global cognitive performance, symptom severity and functioning using a large, cross-sectional, archival dataset harmonized from 7 international OABD studies.

Methods: Data from the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE-BD) database, spanning various standardized measures of cognition, functioning and clinical characteristics, were analyzed.

Bipolar symptoms, somatic burden and functioning in older-age bipolar disorder: A replication study from the global aging & geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder database (GAGE-BD) project.

Objectives: The Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE-BD) project pools archival datasets on older age bipolar disorder (OABD). An initial Wave 1 (W1; n = 1369) analysis found both manic and depressive symptoms reduced among older patients. To replicate this finding, we gathered an independent Wave 2 (W2; n = 1232, mean ± standard deviation age 47.