[Transthoracic echocardiography in anesthesia - case studies].

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a well established tool in cardiology and cardiosurgery. The rapid availability of TTE, combined with high quality and quantity of diagnostic messages, provides the user an interesting option in the area of anesthesia and intensive care medicine. The presenting case reports describe the importance and possibilities of transthoracic echocardiography for anaesthetists in the non-cardiosurgical area.

[DGAI-certified seminar series: anaesthesia focussed echocardiography: module 4 cardiosonography].

The use of ultrasonography in perioperative medicine has developed rapidly within the last decade. Today ultrasonic techniques are established methods for peripheral and central venous access as well as for regional anaesthesia. However, transthoracic ultrasonography by non-cardiologists has not yet been routinely established perioperatively, in intensive care medicine or in emergency medicine.

[The DGAI training module 3 in anaesthetic focussed sonography: neurosonography].

Identification of the right puncture site and the target structures are mandatory in performing nerve blocks. Ultrasound is a new method, that visualizes target structures as well as the injection and spread of local anaesthetic solution. The presented module 3 neurosonography is part of the didactic concept "anaesthesiology focussed sonography" developed by the german society of anaesthesiology and intensive care.

[Anaesthesia in noma-patients - facts and management of a forgotten disease].

Noma (cancrum oris) is an unspecific bacterial infection in the oro-facial area. In the industrial countries noma is generally unknown, but in the 3rd world - especially in West Africa - it is widespread and one of the main causes of mortalitiy and reason for disability in children. Pathogenesis, clinical course, management and treatment of noma are described with the consequences for anaesthesia.