Mechanisms of Crystalloid versus Colloid Osmosis across the Peritoneal Membrane.

Osmosis drives transcapillary ultrafiltration and water removal in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Crystalloid osmosis, typically induced by glucose, relies on dialysate tonicity and occurs through endothelial aquaporin-1 water channels and interendothelial clefts. In contrast, the mechanisms mediating water flow driven by colloidal agents, such as icodextrin, and combinations of osmotic agents have not been evaluated.

Addition of a nitric oxide inhibitor to a more biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solution in a rat model of chronic renal failure.

Biocompatible dialysis solutions have been developed to preserve peritoneal membrane morphology and function. Compared with a conventional solution, a combination of glycerol, amino acids, and dextrose in a bicarbonate/lactate buffer (GLAD) led to less peritoneal fibrosis and fewer vessels in a chronic peritoneal exposure model in the rat. However, no concomitant reduction in small-solute transport was observed.

The effects of a dialysis solution with a combination of glycerol/amino acids/dextrose on the peritoneal membrane in chronic renal failure.

Background: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) with conventional glucose based, lactate-buffered PD fluids may lead to morphological and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane. It was hypothesized that long-term exposure to a different buffer and a mixture of osmotic agents would cause less peritoneal abnormality.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to a bicarbonate/lactate-buffered dialysis solution with a mixture of osmotic agents: glycerol 1.

Dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation influences performance differently after immunization in broiler chickens.

Dietary addition of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) promotes growth in various species. In addition, HMB is described to enhance immune responses which might be associated with metabolic costs. We elaborated further on the role of HMB in growth, metabolism and immunity of meat-type chickens using the following parameters: zootechnical performance, blood chemistry and a specific immune responses after immunization with a human serum albumin (HSA)/Freund’s (in) complete adjuvant combination.

The influence of age and repeated lipopolysaccharide administration on body temperature and the concentration of interleukin-6 and IgM antibodies against lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens.

Our objective was to create a standardized and reproducible inflammation model in chickens in order to study the pharmacodynamics of several anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs. We studied the influence of age and repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on body temperature and the correlation of this with concentrations of interleukin-6 and IgM antibodies against LPS in plasma of chickens. Three-week-old and 5-week-old broilers were injected intravenously with LPS from Escherichia coli O127: B8 at a dose of 1 mg/kg.