Enhancing the Bothropic Antivenom through a Reverse Antivenomics Approach.

Antivenoms are the only effective treatment for snakebite envenomation and have saved countless lives over more than a century. Despite their value, antivenoms present risks of adverse reactions. Current formulations contain a fraction of nonspecific antibodies and serum proteins.

Hardwood and softwood lignins from sulfite liquors: Structural characterization and valorization through depolymerization.

This work aims to evaluate the structural characteristics and study the oxidative depolymerization of lignins obtained from hardwood and softwood sulfite liquors. Lignins were obtained after ultrafiltration and freeze-drying of the sulfite liquors and characterized based on inorganic content, nitrobenzene oxidation, C NMR, and molecular weight determination. The structural characteristics achieved allow evaluating the potential of each lignin through oxidative depolymerization to produce added-value phenolic monomers.

APOL1 in an ethnically diverse pediatric population with nephrotic syndrome: implications in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and other diagnoses.

Background: APOL1 high-risk genotypes (HRG) are associated with increased risk of kidney disease in individuals of African ancestry. We analyzed the effects of APOL1 risk variants on an ethnically diverse Brazilian pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) cohort.

Methods: Multicenter study including 318 NS patients, categorized as progressors to advanced CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] < 30 mL/min/1.

Cathepsin L in COVID-19: From Pharmacological Evidences to Genetics.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics is a challenge without precedent for the modern science. Acute Respiratory Discomfort Syndrome (ARDS) is the most common immunopathological event in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections. Fast lung deterioration results of cytokine storm determined by a robust immunological response leading to ARDS and multiple organ failure.

Familial Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis With Late-Onset Presentation and R229Q/R291W Podocin Mutations.

Introduction: Pathogenic variants in different genes have been described as involved in the development of familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A more precise genotype-phenotype correlation would be helpful to better characterize the clinical and laboratorial manifestations of this disease, as well as response to treatment. We analyzed podocin () gene variants in 50 members of four generations of a family with late-onset presentation of glomerular disease.