Self-reported longitudinal COVID-19 vaccination reactogenicity profiles in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Preventing severe COVID-19 associated outcomes continues to be a priority for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We previously reported in an interim analysis that short-term reactions to the first and second SARS-CoV-2 vaccines experienced by PwMS were mostly self-limiting and similar to reactions experienced by the general population.

Objectives: First, to report short-term reactogenicity experienced by PwMS in relation to the first through fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Dried blood spot improves global access to aquaporin-4-IgG testing for neuromyelitis optica.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spot (DBS) compared with conventional serum Aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) testing.

Methods: Prospective multicenter diagnostic study was conducted between April 2018 and October 2023 across medical centers in the United States, Uganda, and the Republic of Guinea. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and controls collected blood on filter paper cards along with concurrent serum samples.

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: global health considerations.

The differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can present specific challenges in patients from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, eastern Europe, southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. In these areas, environmental factors, genetic background, and access to medical care can differ substantially from those in North America and western Europe, where multiple sclerosis is most common. Furthermore, multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed primarily using data from North America and western Europe.

Assessment of international MOGAD diagnostic criteria in patients with overlapping MOG-associated disease and multiple sclerosis phenotypes.

Background: The clinical spectrum and diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has evolved in the setting of an optimized anti-MOG-IgG cell-based assay and expert consensus. The McDonald criteria for MS have been revised multiple times to improve the accuracy and specificity of diagnosis on a framework based on clinical presentation, MRI findings, and CSF results. While the uses of MS and MOGAD diagnostic criteria are helpful for typical cases, such utility for patients with overlapping clinical, laboratorial, and imaging features is unknown, posing diagnostic and management uncertainties.