[Radiologic study on postnatal ossification of the first metatarsal bone].

Background: Classical descriptions of the ossification of the first metatarsal bone show the existence of a single proximal secondary ossification nucleus, mimicking the typical ossification of a phalanx. However, there are studies that show the presence of a second distal ossification nucleus and discuss its nature: epiphysis or pseudoepiphysis. The objective of the study is to establish the prevalence of such distal nucleus, determine its role in the growth of the radius and its relation with different qualitative variables.

Evaluation of voice pathology based on the estimation of vocal fold biomechanical parameters.

Voice disorders are a source of increasing concern as normal voice quality is a social demand for at least one third of the population in developed countries in cases where voice is an essential resource in professional exercise. In addition, the growing exposure to certain pathogenic factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, air pollution, and acoustic contamination, and other problems such as gastro-esopharyngeal reflux or allergy as well as aging, aggravate voice disorders. Voice pathologies justify the assignment of larger resources to prevention policies, early detection, and less aggressive treatments.

The alternative supply of the pectoralis major flap based medially in cases with previous surgical use of the internal thoracic artery: an anatomical study.

In the present study we analyzed the anatomical basis for the use of the pectoralis major muscle based on alternative pedicles in order to evaluate its clinical applications in cases of potential lesion of the internal thoracic artery. The patterns of blood supply depending on the internal thoracic artery, previously dissected for coronary by-pass surgery, were studied in both sides of five embalmed cadavers and five anterior thoracic walls taken from autopsies. The secondary vascular pedicles depending on the internal thoracic artery for the pectoralis major muscle were dissected and injected with physiological saline stained solution in the embalmed cadavers.

Anatomic and clinical study of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps based on the superior epigastric system: ipsilateral pedicled TRAM flap as a safe alternative.

This anatomic and clinical study supports the use of the ipsilateral transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap over the contralateral TRAM flap for breast reconstruction. The costomarginal artery was constant in these dissections and supplied a vascular pedicle to the rectus abdominis muscle. Radiologic studies confirmed the communications between the costomarginal artery and the deep epigastric system, the same as between the costomarginal artery and the musculophrenic and intercostal arteries.

Diaphyseal nutrient foramina in the first metatarsals in normal and hallux valgus feet: location and surgical implications.

We examined 47 first metatarsals from amputated lower limbs to determine the situation of the main diaphyseal nutrient foramina (NFs) in normal and hallux valgus feet. All the NFs, excepting one, were in a plantar-fibular location. The NF situation was analyzed by means of the foraminal index and three minimum distances: from NF to proximal extremity, from NF to the shaft dorsal face (NFDS) and from NF to the border of the cartilaginous coating of the metatarsal head.