[Orbital inflammatory diseases].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Inflammatory orbital processes on imaging are often misinterpreted as tumors.

Standard Radiological Methods: Imaging comprises computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Achievements: Clinical and laboratory data play a crucial role in diagnosing many inflammatory orbital diseases.

[Pediatric posterior fossa tumors].

Clinical Issue: Tumors of the posterior fossa account for about 50-55% of brain tumors in childhood.

Diagnostic Workup: The most frequent tumor entities are medulloblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, ependymomas, diffuse midline gliomas and atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumors. Neuroradiological differential diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of considerable importance for preoperative planning as well as planning of follow-up therapy.

[Cerebral and spinal cavernomas].

Clinical/methodical Issue: Cavernous malformations or cavernomas belong to the angiodysplasias. They may be sporadic or familial and cause symptoms (epilepsy) despite the absence of a left-to-right shunt. In addition to intracranial locations, spinal cavernomas are also found.

[Spinal ozone therapy].

Clinical/methodological Problem: Technical advances in the field of spinal interventional neuroradiology allow the application of a wide range of targeted, minimally invasive treatment options including targeted spinal ozone therapy for back pain. This article provides an overview of the biochemical, molecular, immunologic, and pharmaceutical mechanisms and delivery techniques of targeted ozone therapy.

Standard Radiological Methods: Computed tomography (CT), conventional X‑ray (fluoroscopy).

[Spondylodiscitis and epidural abscesses].

Clinical/methodological Problem: Spondylodiscitis is an inflammation of the intervertebral disc, which in adults is generally associated with spondylitis of the adjacent vertebrae. It often presents clinically with nonspecific symptoms such as back or neck pain. It may be caused by various pathogens, especially bacteria.