Acute food deprivation-induced relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence in male rats.

Rational: Stress is a major trigger for drug relapse in humans and animal models, even after prolonged abstinence. However, animal models for stress-induced relapse were criticized for the lack of predictive and face validity.

Objectives: Here we investigated the effect of acute food deprivation stress in a novel stress-induced relapse model using voluntary, punishment-imposed abstinence from heroin.

Free flaps for head and neck reconstruction in non-oncological patients: experience of 200 cases.

Two hundred free flaps for reconstructing the head and neck regions in 192 patients with non-oncological pathology were studied. Pathological entities included Romberg's disease, hemifacial microsomia, acquired facial palsy, trauma, and burn sequelae. Indications for selecting a specific free flap for reconstructing each case, details of anastomoses, reexploration, flap success, operative time, length of hospitalization, and complications were studied.

Restoration of facial contour in Romberg's disease and hemifacial microsomia: experience with 118 cases.

The experience with free flaps and conventional reconstructive procedures for 118 patients with Rombergapos;s disease and hemifacial microsomia over a 10-year period is presented. The groin free flap was used most frequently for patients with Rombergapos;s disease, whereas the scapular free flap was used for patients with hemifacial microsomia. The rectus abdominis or the latissimus dorsi free flap was chosen only when additional volume was required.

Frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap for facial aesthetic subunit reconstruction.

The frontotemporal fasciocutaneous island flap is a useful source of tissue for correcting aesthetic units of the face. The quality of the tissue may be enhanced, and a successful color and texture match may be achieved. This flap is based on the temporal vessel system and its own fascia.

Three different techniques for mandibular reconstruction after hemimandibulectomy.

Mandibular reconstruction is a condition in which both bone defect and function must be restored. A wide range of approaches--from grafts to distant bone flaps--have been used for correcting bony defects. However, adequate mastication has been restored in only a few cases.