Dynamics of drinking water biofilm formation associated with Legionella spp. colonization.

Understanding how Legionella spp. proliferate in multispecies biofilms is essential to develop strategies to control their presence in building plumbing. Here, we analyzed biofilm formation and Legionella spp.

The impact of DNA extraction on the quantification of , with implications for ecological studies.

Monitoring the levels of opportunistic pathogens in drinking water is important to plan interventions and understand the ecological niches that allow them to proliferate. Quantitative PCR is an established alternative to culture methods that can provide a faster, higher-throughput, and more precise enumeration of the bacteria in water samples. However, PCR-based methods are still not routinely applied for monitoring, and techniques, such as DNA extraction, differ notably between laboratories.

Badminton as a dynamic system - A new method for analyzing badminton matches based on perturbations.

This study presents a method for analysing badminton matches based on the concept of perturbations. We transfer this principle to a badminton rally and describe the decisive shot, which turns a balanced situation into an advantage for one team or one player. Our paper proposes an observational system, which models the decisive shots by using four consecutive actions: (the perturbation), , , and .

relative abundance in shower hose biofilms is associated with specific microbiome members.

are natural inhabitants of building plumbing biofilms, where interactions with other microorganisms influence their survival, proliferation, and death. Here, we investigated the associations of with bacterial and eukaryotic microbiomes in biofilm samples extracted from 85 shower hoses of a multiunit residential building. spp.

-Ketamine oral thin film-Part 2: Population pharmacodynamics of -ketamine, -norketamine and -hydroxynorketamine.

Ketamine is a versatile drug used for many indications and is administered various routes. Here, we report on the pharmacodynamics of sublingual and buccal fast-dissolving oral-thin-films that contain 50 mg of ketamine in a population of healthy male and female volunteers. Twenty volunteers received one or two 50 mg ketamine oral thin films in a crossover design, placed for 10 min sublingually ( = 15) or buccally ( = 5).