Epidemiologic Analysis of Chilblains Cohorts Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Beginning in March 2020, case reports and case series linked the COVID-19 pandemic with an increased occurrence of chilblains, but this association has not been evaluated in an epidemiologic study.

Objective: To assess whether a correlation exists between COVID-19 incidence and chilblains incidence.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020; health plan members of all ages were included.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and analysis of individual patient-level data.

Distinctive patterns in the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 have been recently reported. We conducted a systematic review to identify case reports and case series characterizing cutaneous manifestations of confirmed COVID-19. Key demographic and clinical data from each case were extracted and analyzed.