The development of the Broaching Assessment Scale: A client-rated measure of therapists' broaching behaviour in clinical counselling.

Addressing ethnic-cultural topics during the process of psychotherapy, i.e. , is considered highly important for ethnic minority clients who consult mental health care services.

Structural Elucidation of Agrochemicals and Related Derivatives Using Infrared Ion Spectroscopy.

Agrochemicals frequently undergo various chemical and metabolic transformation reactions in the environment that often result in a wide range of derivates that must be comprehensively characterized to understand their toxicity profiles and their persistence and outcome in the environment. In the development phase, this typically involves a major effort in qualitatively identifying the correct chemical isomer(s) of these derivatives from the many isomers that could potentially be formed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are often used in attempts to characterize such environment transformation products.

Untargeted metabolomics and infrared ion spectroscopy identify biomarkers for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.

BackgroundPyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is an inborn error of lysine catabolism that presents with refractory epilepsy in newborns. Biallelic ALDH7A1 variants lead to deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase/antiquitin, resulting in accumulation of piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), and secondary deficiency of the important cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP, active vitamin B6) through its complexation with P6C. Vitamin B6 supplementation resolves epilepsy in patients, but intellectual disability may still develop.

Isomer-Specific Two-Color Double-Resonance IRMS Ion Spectroscopy Using a Single Laser: Application in the Identification of Novel Psychoactive Substances.

The capability of an ion trap mass spectrometer to store ions for an arbitrary amount of time allows the use of a single infrared (IR) laser to perform two-color double resonance IR-IR spectroscopic experiments on mass-to-charge (/) selected ions. In this single-laser IRMS scheme, one IR laser frequency is used to remove a selected set of isomers from the total trapped ion population and the second IR laser frequency, from the same laser, is used to record the IR spectrum of the remaining precursor ions. This yields isomer-specific vibrational spectra of the /-selected ions, which can reveal the structure and identity of the initially co-isolated isomeric species.