Expanded geographic distribution and dietary strategies of the earliest Oldowan hominins and .

The oldest Oldowan tool sites, from around 2.6 million years ago, have previously been confined to Ethiopia's Afar Triangle. We describe sites at Nyayanga, Kenya, dated to 3.

Ecomorphological analysis of bovid mandibles from Laetoli Tanzania using 3D geometric morphometrics: Implications for hominin paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

The current study describes a new method of mandibular ecological morphology (ecomorphology). Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) was used to quantify mandibular shape variation between extant bovids with different feeding preferences. Landmark data were subjected to generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), principal components analysis (PCA), and discriminant function analysis (DFA).

Large volume injection for the direct analysis of ionophores and avermectins in surface water by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple method for the direct determination of residues of ionophore antibiotics and avermectin antiparasitics in surface water is reported. Using a large volume injector, a mixture of methanol and surface water is injected into an analytical liquid chromatography (LC) column and subsequently screened for residues of these veterinary pharmaceuticals using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. On-line sample enrichment and chromatographic separation are achieved using a single, short (20mm) octadecylsilane LC column.

Use of a high-fidelity simulator to develop testing of the technical performance of novice anaesthetists.

Background: We used the Delphi technique to gain a consensus from 26 consultant anaesthetists about technical tasks during general anaesthesia. We then developed a technical scoring system to assess anaesthetists undertaking general anaesthesia with rapid sequence induction.

Methods: We then followed the performance of six novice anaesthetists on five occasions during their first 3 months of training.

'One-stop' cataract surgery: the Bristol Eye Hospital experience 1997-1999.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction with and effectiveness of the 'one-stop' cataract service at the Bristol Eye Hospital.

Methods: One hundred and ninety patients referred with a view to cataract surgery were selected to attend 24 'one-stop' clinics between February 1997 and August 1999. Patients had initial assessment in the morning with suitable cases undergoing surgery during the afternoon.