Neuropeptide-dependent spike time precision and plasticity in circadian output neurons.

Circadian rhythms influence various physiological and behavioral processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. In , an important set of circadian output neurons are called pars intercerebralis (PI) neurons, which receive input from specific clock neurons called DN1. These DN1 neurons can further be subdivided into functionally and anatomically distinctive anterior (DN1a) and posterior (DN1p) clusters.

Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 concentration for diagnosis and monitoring of neurosyphilis in people with HIV.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess and compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-CXCL13 levels in People with HIV (PWH) with suspected neurosyphilis (NS), those with syphilis but without NS, and patients without treponema infection. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate changes in CSF-CXCL13 concentrations before and after antibiotic treatment.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study involving 93 PWH suspected of NS.

Age of onset and cumulative risk of mental disorders: a cross-national analysis of population surveys from 29 countries.

Background: Information on the frequency and timing of mental disorder onsets across the lifespan is of fundamental importance for public health planning. Broad, cross-national estimates of this information from coordinated general population surveys were last updated in 2007. We aimed to provide updated and improved estimates of age-of-onset distributions, lifetime prevalence, and morbid risk.

Severe mental illness and ophthalmic health: A linked administrative data study.

Background: While evidence has emerged highlighting the potential benefits of the eye as a window to the central nervous system, research on severe mental illness (SMI) and eye health is rare.

Aims: We examine the association of SMI with a range of ophthalmic health outcomes, and whether any relationship is modified by age.

Methods: We used linked administrative data from general practitioner (GP), hospital and ophthalmic records to examine receipt of any Health and Social Care (HSC) eye-test; and (based on eligibility recorded for a sight test) any glaucoma, any diabetes, and any blindness among the Northern Ireland (NI) hospital population between January 2015 and November 2019 (N = 798,564).